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A fore-and-aft rigged
vessel with two or more masts, often called by its rig, e.g. topsail
schooner, gaff schooner, staysail schooner, etc.
A
Dictionary of Sailing
Dutch
schooner, German schoner, Danish skonnert, Spanish and Portuguese escaña,
all possibly derived from the Scottish verb "to scon or scoon," to skip over
water like a flat stone. An alternative source for the name is said to have
come from a chance remark "there she scoons" from a spectator at the launch
of the first vessel of the type at Gloucester, Mass. in 1713. There is also
some evidence that the type originated in North America and probably at
Gloucester. Whatever the origin of the name a schooner is a vessel rigged
with fore-and-aft sails on her two or more masts, and originally carried
square sails on her foremast, though later, with the advance in rig designs,
these were changed to jib-headed or jackyard-topsails. Today, the small
schooner yachts normally set Bermuda sails and thus have no topsails.
Properly speaking, a schooner has two masts only, with the mainmast taller
than the fore, but three-masted, four-masted, and five-masted schooners have
been built, and one, the Thomas W. Lawson, had as many as seven. They were
largely used in the coasting trade and also for fishing on the Grand Banks
off Newfoundland, their attraction to owners being that they required a
smaller crew than a square-rigged vessel of comparable size.
The Oxford
Companion to Ships and The Sea
Schooners are fore-and-aft rigged (as distinguished from square-rigged) and
have two or more masts. Unlike yawls and ketches, the after mast of a two-masted
schooner is taller than the forward one (in rare designs, the two masts may
be the same height). Thus the after mast becomes the mainmast and the other
the foremast. Additional names are used if there are more than two masts.
Chapman:
Piloting, Seamanship and Small Boat Handling
Compared with the square rig, the fore-and-aft schooner has the advantage of
being a better craft when sailing close-hauled and requiring a smaller crew.
... In Nova Scotia inshore fishermen used schooner-rigged open boats about
twenty feet in length which are probably the smallest craft with this rig.
International Maritime Dictionary
ŠKUNER
jedrenjak s 2 do 7 jarbola, sa sošnim jedrima i
vršnjačama na svim jarbolima te kosnikom i flokovima na pramcu. Javlja se
već oko 1700. uz obale Sjeverne Amerike; u 18. i 19. stoljeću vrlo je
rasprostranjen u Kanadi, Srednjoj i Južnoj Americi te u Europi, a
upotrebljava se u ribarstvu i u pomorskoj trgovini. I prve jahte na jedra
bile su škuneri, a sve do današnjih dana velike jahte su tog tipa, s tim što
su im sošna jedra zamijenjena modernim markoni-jedrom. Najčešći su škuneri s
2 do 3 jarbola; jedini sedmojarbolni škuner Thomas Lawson (SAD) imao je
odveć glomazan trup da bi u eksploataciji bio uspješan.
Pomorska
enciklopedija HLZ Miroslav Krleža
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